Where should I start in the HVAC resource library?
Start with the symptom you can actually see: no cooling, no heat, weak airflow, or something like water, ice, noise, or an equipment recommendation. You do not need the part name to pick a useful guide.
Can an online guide tell me exactly what failed?
A guide can help you sort safe observations from likely causes, but only a technician on-site can confirm a refrigerant, electrical, or airflow diagnosis by testing the equipment.
What should I write down before requesting service?
Note which room feels off, your thermostat setting, and what actually changed in comfort. Add any sounds, odors, water, or ice you noticed, plus anything you already shut off. Those details make the next call more specific.